浅谈javascript的原型继承

function clone(o) { 
var F = function(){}; 
F.prototype = o; 
return new F(); 
} 
 
首先看ext（4.1的1896行开始）的原型式继承。 
 代码如下:

var TemplateClass = function(){}; 
var ExtObject = Ext.Object = { 
chain: function (object) { 
TemplateClass.prototype = object; 
var result = new TemplateClass(); 
TemplateClass.prototype = null; 
return result; 
} 
} 
 
这里清除了object的prototype。 
再看一下jquery是怎么玩的继承。 
 代码如下:

var jQuery = function( selector, context ) { 
return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context, rootjQuery ); 
}; 
----------------------- 
jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { 
constructor: jQuery, 
init: function( selector, context, rootjQuery ) { 
----------------------- 
} 
} 
------------------- 
jQuery.fn.init.prototype = jQuery.fn; 
 
jquery玩的就比较高，借助jQuery.fn.init来完成，但是思路一样。 
司徒正美的mass里也有类似的继承，在lang_fix.js里面第17行： 
 代码如下:

create: function(o){ 
if (arguments.length > 1) { 
$.log(" Object.create implementation only accepts the first parameter.") 
} 
function F() {} 
F.prototype = o; 
return new F(); 
} 
 
查看了一下es5的官方，找到了他的兼容补丁： 
 代码如下:

// ES5 15.2.3.5 
// http://es5.github.com/#x15.2.3.5 
if (!Object.create) { 
Object.create = function create(prototype, properties) { 
var object; 
if (prototype === null) { 
object = { "__proto__": null }; 
} else { 
if (typeof prototype != "object") { 
throw new TypeError("typeof prototype["+(typeof prototype)+"] != 'object'"); 
} 
var Type = function () {}; 
Type.prototype = prototype; 
object = new Type(); 
// IE has no built-in implementation of `Object.getPrototypeOf` 
// neither `__proto__`, but this manually setting `__proto__` will 
// guarantee that `Object.getPrototypeOf` will work as expected with 
// objects created using `Object.create` 
object.__proto__ = prototype; 
} 
if (properties !== void 0) { 
Object.defineProperties(object, properties); 
} 
return object; 
}; 
} 
 
上面的代码考虑的就比较全面，但是需要另外引入Object.defineProperties的补丁才行，源码相对就比较多了。 
 代码如下:

// ES5 15.2.3.6 
// http://es5.github.com/#x15.2.3.6 
// Patch for WebKit and IE8 standard mode 
// Designed by hax <hax.github.com> 
// related issue: https://github.com/kriskowal/es5-shim/issues#issue/5 
// IE8 Reference: 
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd282900.aspx 
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd229916.aspx 
// WebKit Bugs: 
// https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36423 
function doesDefinePropertyWork(object) { 
try { 
Object.defineProperty(object, "sentinel", {}); 
return "sentinel" in object; 
} catch (exception) { 
// returns falsy 
} 
} 
// check whether defineProperty works if it's given. Otherwise, 
// shim partially. 
if (Object.defineProperty) { 
var definePropertyWorksOnObject = doesDefinePropertyWork({}); 
var definePropertyWorksOnDom = typeof document == "undefined" || 
doesDefinePropertyWork(document.createElement("div")); 
if (!definePropertyWorksOnObject || !definePropertyWorksOnDom) { 
var definePropertyFallback = Object.defineProperty; 
} 
} 
if (!Object.defineProperty || definePropertyFallback) { 
var ERR_NON_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR = "Property description must be an object: "; 
var ERR_NON_OBJECT_TARGET = "Object.defineProperty called on non-object: " 
var ERR_ACCESSORS_NOT_SUPPORTED = "getters & setters can not be defined " + 
"on this javascript engine"; 
Object.defineProperty = function defineProperty(object, property, descriptor) { 
if ((typeof object != "object" && typeof object != "function") || object === null) { 
throw new TypeError(ERR_NON_OBJECT_TARGET + object); 
} 
if ((typeof descriptor != "object" && typeof descriptor != "function") || descriptor === null) { 
throw new TypeError(ERR_NON_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR + descriptor); 
} 
// make a valiant attempt to use the real defineProperty 
// for I8's DOM elements. 
if (definePropertyFallback) { 
try { 
return definePropertyFallback.call(Object, object, property, descriptor); 
} catch (exception) { 
// try the shim if the real one doesn't work 
} 
} 
// If it's a data property. 
if (owns(descriptor, "value")) { 
// fail silently if "writable", "enumerable", or "configurable" 
// are requested but not supported 
/* 
// alternate approach: 
if ( // can't implement these features; allow false but not true 
!(owns(descriptor, "writable") ? descriptor.writable : true) || 
!(owns(descriptor, "enumerable") ? descriptor.enumerable : true) || 
!(owns(descriptor, "configurable") ? descriptor.configurable : true) 
) 
throw new RangeError( 
"This implementation of Object.defineProperty does not " + 
"support configurable, enumerable, or writable." 
); 
*/ 
if (supportsAccessors && (lookupGetter(object, property) || 
lookupSetter(object, property))) 
{ 
// As accessors are supported only on engines implementing 
// `__proto__` we can safely override `__proto__` while defining 
// a property to make sure that we don't hit an inherited 
// accessor. 
var prototype = object.__proto__; 
object.__proto__ = prototypeOfObject; 
// Deleting a property anyway since getter / setter may be 
// defined on object itself. 
delete object[property]; 
object[property] = descriptor.value; 
// Setting original `__proto__` back now. 
object.__proto__ = prototype; 
} else { 
object[property] = descriptor.value; 
} 
} else { 
if (!supportsAccessors) { 
throw new TypeError(ERR_ACCESSORS_NOT_SUPPORTED); 
} 
// If we got that far then getters and setters can be defined !! 
if (owns(descriptor, "get")) { 
defineGetter(object, property, descriptor.get); 
} 
if (owns(descriptor, "set")) { 
defineSetter(object, property, descriptor.set); 
} 
} 
return object; 
}; 
} 
// ES5 15.2.3.7 
// http://es5.github.com/#x15.2.3.7 
if (!Object.defineProperties) { 
Object.defineProperties = function defineProperties(object, properties) { 
for (var property in properties) { 
if (owns(properties, property) && property != "__proto__") { 
Object.defineProperty(object, property, properties[property]); 
} 
} 
return object; 
}; 
} 
 
EcmaScript6的类继承。 
 代码如下:

class module extends Base { 
constructor() { 
} 
} 
 
越玩越像java了，不过es6很多浏览器还不支持。 
最后推荐的写法： 
 代码如下:

if (!Object.create) { 
Object.create = function create(o) { 
var F = function(){}; 
F.prototype = o; 
var result = new F(); 
F.prototype = null; 
return result; 
} 
}