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如何使用canvas来制作好用的涂鸦画板

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:5人阅读

这次给大家带来如何使用canvas来制作好用的涂鸦画板,使用canvas来制作好用的涂鸦画板的注意事项有哪些,下面就是实战案例,一起来看一下。在canvas中获取光标坐标

获取坐标的代码很简单:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
   <style>
        *{margin: 0;padding: 0}    </style></head><body>
    <canvas id="board" style="border: 1px #ccc solid;"></canvas>
    <span id="point"></span>
    <script>
        var canvas = document.getElementById('board');        var context = canvas.getContext('2d');        var current = {            color: 'black',//<===画笔颜色配置
            width: 1//线条宽度 
        };        //获取点坐标
        function getPoint(e) {            if (e.touches && e.touches.length > 0) {                var touch = e.touches[0];                return { x: touch.pageX, y: touch.pageY };
            }            return { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY };
        }        //鼠标移动
        function onMouseMove(e) {            var p = getPoint(e);            document.getElementById("point").innerHTML=p.x+"-"+p.y;
        }
        canvas.width = 600;
        canvas.height = 300; 
        canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove, false); //<==兼容PC
        canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', onMouseMove, false);//<===兼容安卓或其他系统
    </script></body></html>

注意:因为鼠标与触摸屏的事件是不一样的,鼠标只要悬浮与canvas上就可以获取到了,而触摸屏是需要按下的,并且所返回的 Event 对象也是不一样的。

2.控制是否绘制

控制是否绘制其实很简单,就是在不同事件时判断自定义变量drawing的值来控制

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <style>
        *{margin: 0;padding: 0}    </style></head><body>
    <canvas id="board" style="border: 1px #ccc solid;"></canvas>
    <span id="point"></span>
    <script>
        var canvas = document.getElementById('board');        var context = canvas.getContext('2d');        var current = {            color: 'black',//<===画笔颜色配置
            width: 1//线条宽度 
        };        var drawing = false;//<===是否绘制
        //获取点坐标
        function getPoint(e) {            if (e.touches && e.touches.length > 0) {                var touch = e.touches[0];                return { x: touch.pageX, y: touch.pageY };
            }            return { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY };
        }         //鼠标按下
         function onMouseDown(e) {
                drawing = true; 
            }            //鼠标弹起
            function onMouseUp(e) {                if (!drawing) { return; }
                drawing = false; 
            }        //鼠标移动
        function onMouseMove(e) {            if (!drawing) { return; }            var p = getPoint(e);            document.getElementById("point").innerHTML=p.x+"-"+p.y;
        }
        canvas.width = 600;
        canvas.height = 300; 
        canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', onMouseDown, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', onMouseUp, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('mouseout', onMouseUp, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', onMouseDown, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('touchend', onMouseUp, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', onMouseMove, false);    </script></body></html>

3.线条绘制

线条绘制的代码也是很简单的

....//线条绘制function drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color, width) {
    context.beginPath();
    context.moveTo(x0, y0);
    context.lineTo(x1, y1);
    context.strokeStyle = color;
    context.lineWidth = width; 
    context.stroke();
    context.closePath();
}
....

将绘制线条代码整合到事件中:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title></head><body>
    <canvas id="board" style="border: 1px #ccc solid;"></canvas>
    <span id="point"></span>
    <script>
        var canvas = document.getElementById('board');        var context = canvas.getContext('2d');        var current = {            color: 'black',//<===画笔颜色配置
            width: 1//线条宽度 
        };        var drawing = false;//<===是否绘制
        //获取点坐标
        function getPoint(e) {            if (e.touches && e.touches.length > 0) {                var touch = e.touches[0];                return { x: touch.pageX, y: touch.pageY };
            }            return { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY };
        }        //线条绘制
        function drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color, width) {
            context.beginPath();
            context.moveTo(x0, y0);
            context.lineTo(x1, y1);
            context.strokeStyle = color;
            context.lineWidth = width; 
            context.stroke();
            context.closePath();
        }        //鼠标按下
        function onMouseDown(e) {
            drawing = true;            //记录按下点
            var p = getPoint(e);
            current.x = p.x;
            current.y = p.y;
        }        //鼠标弹起
        function onMouseUp(e) {            if (!drawing) { return; }
            drawing = false;            //绘制结束点
            var p = getPoint(e);
            drawLine(current.x, current.y, p.x, p.y, current.color, current.width);
        }        //鼠标移动
        function onMouseMove(e) {            if (!drawing) { return; }            var p = getPoint(e);            document.getElementById("point").innerHTML = p.x + "-" + p.y;            //移动绘制
            drawLine(current.x, current.y, p.x, p.y, current.color, current.width);
            current.x = p.x;
            current.y = p.y;
        }
        canvas.width = 600;
        canvas.height = 300;
        canvas.addEventListener('mousedown', onMouseDown, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('mouseup', onMouseUp, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('mouseout', onMouseUp, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', onMouseMove, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', onMouseDown, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('touchend', onMouseUp, false);
        canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', onMouseMove, false);    </script></body></html>

4.绘制线条优化

当绘制线条宽度比较小的时候还好,一旦比较粗就会有写问题:

这时只要稍微改一下绘制的代码就行了

....//线条绘制function drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, color, width) {
    context.beginPath();
    context.moveTo(x0, y0);
    context.lineTo(x1, y1);
    context.strokeStyle = color;
    context.lineWidth = width; 
    //-----加入-----
    context.lineCap = "round";
    context.lineJoin = "round";    //-----加入-----
    context.stroke();
    context.closePath();
}
....

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