来自国外的页面JavaScript文件优化_javascript技巧

The problem: scripts block downloads

Let's first take a look at what the problem is with the script downloads. The thing is that before fully downloading and parsing a script, the browser can't tell what's in it. It may contain document.write() calls which modify the DOM tree or it may even contain location.href and send the user to a whole new page. If that happens, any components downloaded from the previous page may never be needed. In order to avoid potentially useless downloads, browsers first download, parse and execute each script before moving on with the queue of other components waiting to be downloaded. As a result, any script on your page blocks the download process and that has a negative impact on your page loading speed.

Here's how the timeline looks like when downloading a slow JavaScript file (exaggerated to take 1 second). The script download (the third row in the image) blocks the two-by-two parallel downloads of the images that follow after the script:

Here's the example to test yourself.

Problem 2: number of downloads per hostname

Another thing to note in the timeline above is how the images following the script are downloaded two-by-two. This is because of the restriction of how many components can be downloaded in parallel. In IE <= 7 and Firefox 2, it's two components at a time (following the HTTP 1.1 specs), but both IE8 and FF3 increase the default to 6.

You can work around this limitation by using multiple domains to host your components, because the restriction is two components per hostname. For more information of this topic check the article “Maximizing Parallel Downloads in the Carpool Lane” by Tenni Theurer.

The important thing to note is that JavaScripts block downloads across all hostnames. In fact, in the example timeline above, the script is hosted on a different domain than the images, but it still blocks them.

Scripts at the bottom to improve user experience

As Yahoo!'s Performance rules advise, you should put the scripts at the bottom of the page, towards the closing tag. This doesn't really make the page load faster (the script still has to load), but helps with the progressive rendering of the page. The user perception is that the page is faster when they can see a visual feedback that there is progress.

Non-blocking scripts

It turns out that there is an easy solution to the download blocking problem: include scripts dynamically via DOM methods. How do you do that? Simply create a new